Coronavirus disease 2019
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).The disease was first identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has since spread globally, resulting in the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic. Common symptoms include fever, cough and shortness of breath. Muscle pain, sputum production and sore throat are less common. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to severe pneumonia and multi-organ failure.The rate of deaths per number of diagnosed cases is on average 3.4%, ranging from 0.2% in those less than 20 to approximately 15% in those over 80 years old.
The infection is typically spread from one person to another via respiratory droplets produced during coughing and sneezing. Time from exposure to onset of symptoms is generally between two and 14 days, with an average of five days. The standard method of diagnosis is by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) from a nasopharyngeal swab or throat swab. The infection can also be diagnosed from a combination of symptoms, risk factors and a chest CT scan showing features of pneumonia.
Recommended measures to prevent infection include frequent hand washing, maintaining distance from others, and not touching one's face. The use of masks is recommended for those who suspect they have the virus and their caregivers but not the general public. There is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Management involves treatment of symptoms, supportive care, isolation, and experimental measures.
The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak a pandemic and a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Evidence of local transmission of the disease has been found in many countries across all six WHO regionsHashtags
Resources
| Title | Region | Description | URL | Related Pages |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Global | WHO Now Officially Recommends to Avoid Taking Ibuprofen For COVID-19 Symptoms | https://www.sciencealert.com/who-recommends-to-avoid-taking-ibuprofen-for-covid-19-symptoms | Covid-ClinicalCovid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | COVID-19 Science Report: Therapeutics | https://sph.nus.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/COVID-19-Science-Report-Therapeutics-13-Mar.pdf | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | Comparison of Lopinavir/Ritonavir or Hydroxychloroquine in Patients With Mild Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04307693 | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | Novel Treatment with Neuroprotective and Antiviral Properties against a Neuroinvasive Human Respiratory Virus - (memantine/Namenda) 2014 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24227863/ | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| China | Chinese guideline for corona virus treatment and diagnosis (7th edition) | https://www.scribd.com/document/451871363/Novel-Coronavirus-Pneumonia-Diagnosis-Treatment | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | An Effective Treatment for Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Stanford University review of treatments | https://ipfs.infura.io/ipfs/QmNcF4usFUJdGjTMtEXT1XAYybJvtLmEjaZnvNXN2n91Zh/ | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | Vitamin C Infusion for the Treatment of Severe 2019-nCoV Infected Pneumonia | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC297842/ | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | Thalidomide Combined with Low-dose Glucocorticoid in the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia | https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202002.0395/v1 | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | Of Chloroquine and Covid19 (Critical commentary in Antiviral Research, March 5 2020) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166354220301145 | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.06.20032342v1 | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | A systematic review on the efficacy and safety of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 (Journal of Critical Care, March 10, 2020) | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944120303907 | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | Active or latent tuberculosis increases susceptibility to COVID-19 and disease severity | https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.03.10.20033795v1 | Covid-Riskfactor | |
| Global | Supporting the Health Care Workforce During the COVID-19 Global Epidemic | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2763136?guestAccessKey=3bb66b23-edb9-40b9-9210-5016ba70da89&utm_source=For_The_Media&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=ftm_links&utm_content=tfl&utm_term=031220 | Covid-Protection | |
| Global | 2019-nCoV transmission through the ocular surface must not be ignored--all health care worker require to wear googles | https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30313-5/fulltext | Covid-Protection | |
| Global | Universal and reusable virus deactivation system for respiratory protection | https://www.nature.com/articles/srep39956 | Covid-Protection | |
| Global | A Single Ventilator for Multiple Simulated Patients to Meet Disaster Surge | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16885402/ https://epmonthly.com/article/not-heroes-wear-capes-one-las-vegas-ed-saved-hundreds-lives-worst-mass-shooting-u-s-history/ | ||
| Global | European Society of Cardiologists consensus paper on ACEI’s: Stay on your blood pressure medications | https://www.escardio.org/Councils/Council-on-Hypertension-(CHT)/News/position-statement-of-the-esc-council-on-hypertension-on-ace-inhibitors-and-ang?utm_source=share&utm_medium=ios_app&utm_name=iossmf | ||
| Global | Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China | https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2763184 | Covid-Risk | |
| Global | Co-infection of influenza and coronavirus | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22836647/ | Covid-Risk | |
| Global | Combined vitamin C, hydrocortisone, and thiamine therapy for patients with severe pneumonia who were admitted to the intensive care unit: Propensity score-based analysis of a before-after cohort study | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0883944118307780 | Covid-Therapeutics | |
| Global | Head of Bed Elevation or Semirecumbent Positioning Literature Review (is associated with a decreased incidence of aspiration and ventilator-associated pneumonia) | https://www.ahrq.gov/hai/tools/mvp/modules/technical/head-bed-elevation-lit-review.html | ||
| Global | Pulmonary Pathology of Early-Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients With Lung Cancer | https://www.jto.org/article/S1556-0864(20)30132-5/fulltext | Covid-Risk |
